在Swift中使用C函数,将函数作为参数

我正在写一个C数学库的包装器。 每个函数都将一个或两个函数作为参数。 但是,这些子函数(以及父函数)的参数不是Swifty -hence包装器。

我已经清理了示例代码,只显示了三个主要部分:c-library函数,将传递给包装器的所需Swift函数(未显示主体,但环绕c-library函数),以及必需的C函数forms。

//C library function, that calls the passed function dozens, hundreds or thousands of times, each time it changes the data provided in p, and uses the output from x //The Swift arrays are passed as pointers, and the length of the and x array are m and n respectively returnValue = cLibraryFunc(passedFunc, &p, &x, Int32(m), Int32(n), Int32(itmax), &opts, &info, &work, &covar, &adata) //I would like to create a Swift function that would look like this (internals could be any myriad of things that takes inputs p and adata and returns data in x: func desiredSwifty(p: inout [Double], x: inout [Double], m: Int, n: Int, adata: inout [Double]) { //very simple example //this example knows the length of p (so m as well) //and assumes that adata length is the same as the x length (n) //obviously, it could ifer m and n from p.count and x.count for i in 0..<n { x[i] = p[0] + p[1]*adata[i] + p[2]*pow(adata[i], 2) } } //And the wrapper would "convert" it -internally- into the form that the C library function requires: func requiredC(p: UnsafeMutablePointer?, x: UnsafeMutablePointer?, m: Int32, n: Int32, adata: UnsafeMutablePointer?) { //same thing, but using pointers, and uglier //first, have to bitcast the void back to a double let adataDouble : UnsafeMutablePointer = unsafeBitCast(adata, to: UnsafeMutablePointer.self) for i in 0..<Int(n) { x![i] = p![0] + p![1]*adataDouble[i] + p![2]*pow(adataDouble[i], 2) } } 

加成

我应该补充说我可以访问c源代码,所以我可以添加一些虚拟参数(可能是为了找到传递上下文的方法)。 但鉴于文档似乎表明无法使用ac函数指针获取上下文,这可能毫无用处。

(注意:以下示例在Xcode 8 beta 2上使用Swift 3。)

您的问题是关于C函数将另一个C函数作为参数,所以让我们将问题简化为该问题。 这是一个简单的C函数,它接受一个参数,它又是一个C函数,它接受一个指向双精度数组和整数计数的指针:

 // cfunction.h: void cFunc(void (*func)(double *values, int count)); // cfunction.c: void cFunc(void (*func)(double *values, int count)) { double x[] = { 1.2, 3.4, 5,6 }; func(x, 3); } 

此函数导入Swift as

 func cFunc(_ func: (@convention(c) (UnsafeMutablePointer?, Int32) -> Swift.Void)!) 

这里@convention(c)声明该块具有C风格的调用约定。 特别是,从Swift中,您只能传递一个全局函数或一个不捕获任何上下文的闭包。

Swift包装器的一个简单示例是

 func swiftyFunc(passedFunc: (@convention(c) (UnsafeMutablePointer?, Int32) -> Void)) { cFunc(passedFunc) } 

您可以这样使用:

 func functionToPass(values: UnsafeMutablePointer?, count: Int32) { let bufPtr = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: values, count: Int(count)) for elem in bufPtr { print(elem) } } swiftyFunc(passedFunc: functionToPass) 

或者使用闭包参数:

 swiftyFunc { (values, count) in let bufPtr = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: values, count: Int(count)) for elem in bufPtr { print(elem) } } 

您是否知道只需使用&运算符就可以获得指向var的可变指针? 它也在数组上做“正确的事”。

 func foo(_ x: UnsafeMutablePointer) { print(x) } func bar(_ x: UnsafeMutablePointer) { print(x) } var array = [0] foo(&array) var int = 0 bar(&int) 

(在Swift 2上测试过,但很可能在Swift 3上仍然有效。)

我怀疑这可以大大减少你对包装的需求。